Human body and sports injuries
Every student of Lesgaft University must know the anatomy of human body as it helps him to master other subjects such as physiology, biochemistry, theory of physical education and others. The PE teacher as well as the coach (trainer) can solve the problems of modern physical education and sport only if they know the structure of human body, the changes which happen to it with age and also the effect of physical loading on the functioning of the body.
The human body consists of the following main parts: a head, a torso and limbs. Our head is the centre of all bodily activity.
The forehead, the eyes, the eyebrows and the eyelashes, the nose, the mouth, the cheeks and the chin make face.The mouth consists of two lips, teeth and tongue. The eyes and the ears are very important organs. We see with our eyes and we hear with our ears.
The main parts of the torso are the chest, the shoulders, the blades, the back, the waist and the hips.
The arm consists of an upper-arm, an elbow, a forearm and a hand. The wrist is the joint which unites the arm with the hand. The hand consists of a palm, a back of the hand, four fingers (forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, little finger) and a thumb.
The leg consists of a thigh, a calf, a knee, a shin, an ankle and a foot. The foot in its turn consists of a heel, a sole, an instep and toes.
Human body is a marvel of construction. Every part of the human body has its own duty which it performs without difficulty as long as the man takes care of his health. If we are not careful enough we may sprain, twist an ankle, pull a muscle, break a leg or an arm etc.
Some sport injuries occur suddenly as a result of collisions, falls, impacts or unnatural, awkward movements. Typical examples include a cut sustained while boxing or competing in another martial art, being hit by a baseball, falling while skating and twisting an ankle while running. In addition to cuts and sprains, the list of acute injuries includes strains, muscle pulls, bruises and broken bones.
Another category of sport injury includes injuries that result from repetitive movements of muscles and/or joints over time. There are three possible reasons these types of injuries may occur. The first is that the athlete used improper technique that placed stress on a susceptible part of the body such as a joint, tendon, muscle or bone. The second is that the athlete reinjured a previously injured structure. The third is the presence of an anatomical abnormality that makes the athlete susceptible to injury.
Head injuries such as concussions occur in contact sports like American football. Sprains, strains and blisters may affect athletes whose sports involve running or rapid shifts in direction, such as track and tennis. Cuts and bruises can result from falls, or accidental or deliberate contact with a competitor. Sensitive, inflamed tendons, or tendinitis, can result from repetitive motions that are sometimes improperly performed.
The surest way to be healthy and keep fit is to do sport all our life. So let's make it our motto.
(the text partly taken from "Types of Sport Injuries" by Dean A. Haycock, Ph.D. http://www.livestrong.com/article/366321-types-of-sport-injuries/)
(the pictures taken from http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/body;
(http://www.firstpointusa.com/blog/2012/02/top-tips-for-the-recovery-of-sporting-injuries.html)
Тренировочные тесты
Parts of body - /PARTS_OF_BODY.htm