to have a cold/

to catch a cold/a flu

to have a sore throat

to have a fever/

to have a temperature/

take (=to measure) somebody's temperature

to blow one's nose

to sneeze

to cough

to burn a finger

to cut a finger/

to dress a wound/

to clean the wound

to have a toothache/

to fill the tooth

to have a headache/

have/get a migraine

to come/break out in a rash

(=get a rash)

to have a black eye/

to give smb. a black eye

to sprain an ankle

to fit a bone/joint

to hurt an arm

to have a broken leg/

to break a leg

to be in pain

to get an injection/

give an injection

have an operation=undergo an operation  (formal)/

an operation on smb's ankle/

 perform an operation

the surgeon performs the  operation

a syrup/ cough syrup

cough mixture

Pills=tablets

painkillers

to take a tablet

vitamin/sleeping/indigestion headache tablet

eye drops / ear drops

to put eye drops into smb's eyes

Ointment/

To rub in some ointment

a plaster/

to put on a plaster

a bandage/

to put a bandage on

a plaster cast/

put a plaster cast over your arm/

to have one's leg in a cast

a prescription for 

a prescription for sleeping pills

to give you prescription/

to make out a prescription

Crutches/

To be on crutches

a wheelchair/

to be in a wheelchair

a stethoscope/

to listen to his own heart (chest) with the stethoscope

To give you a check-up /

To have regular checkups/

To examine the patient

an X-ray/

a chest X-ray/

take an X-ray

Blood test/

to do a blood test/

to take a blood sample

blood pressure/

check/take somebody's blood pressure

take/feel somebody's pulse